The Zebra Seabream, which is also commonly referred to as the Pharaoh Seabream or the Zebra Bream, is the undisputed giant of the Sparidae family and the largest species of its genus in the Mediterranean. The body is tall, bulky, and laterally compressed, with a colour that ranges from silver to gold or bronze depending on age and environment. The defining characteristic that sets it apart from other related species is the 5 or 6 very broad, dark vertical stripes running across its body. These stripes are much thicker and more intense than the thin lines of the White Seabream, and they resemble the markings of a zebra.

Additionally, its lips are thick and fleshy, indicating its feeding habits. In contrast to the Sharpsnout Seabream, which has a pointed snout, this species has a more rounded and robust head.

This is a benthic species that thrives on rocky bottoms with pronounced relief, large stones, and steep slopes. It prefers areas with turbid water and strong currents or wave action. The fish is encountered at depths ranging from 10 metres to 80 metres, although large individuals have been recorded at 300 metres. It is a social fish that often forms small groups or pairs, while the very large individuals tend to become solitary and inhabit specific shelters and caves.

As the regional names suggest, it represents the largest species of seabream in its genus. The common length of capture ranges from 30 to 40 centimetres. However, it is a species that can reach a maximum length of 60 centimetres and a weight of 4 or 5 kilograms, making it an impressive trophy for fishers.

Fisheries & Economic Value

It is a sought-after and valuable catch, though less common than the White Seabream. It is caught mainly with thick longlines, handlines, and set nets. For underwater spearfishers, it represents one of the greatest challenges because it is an extremely suspicious, clever, and strong fish that is difficult to approach. The meat is of exceptional quality, white, firm, and very delicious, with high commercial value.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the Zebra Seabream as a species of Least Concern at a global level. However, scientific studies in the Mediterranean have shown that it is a species that grows relatively slowly and lives for many years, up to 17 years, which makes it vulnerable to overfishing. Furthermore, research has shown that its abundance increases significantly in protected marine areas where the fish become larger and bolder.