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☠️ 21 species catalogued

Dangerous & Venomous Fish of the Mediterranean

A free safety guide for swimmers, divers and fishermen — learn to recognise each species and what to do if you are stung or bitten.

None of these species are aggressive towards people — nearly every incident happens when a fish is stepped on, handled or provoked. Knowing what to look for is the best protection. Tap any card for the full species page with detailed first-aid guidance.

Atlantic Stargazer ⚠️ Danger
Atlantic Stargazer
Uranoscopus scaber

DOUBLE DANGER WARNING The Atlantic Stargazer is one of the most dangerous fish to handle. It carries a potent venom in a large spine above...

First aid & details
Blackbelly Rosefish ⚠️ Danger
Blackbelly Rosefish
Helicolenus dactylopterus

The Blackbelly Rosefish possesses strong and sharp spines on the dorsal fin and on the gill covers, which are connected to venom glands. The...

First aid & details
Bluefish ⚠️ Danger
Bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix

The Bluefish possesses extremely sharp razor-like teeth. It can cause very serious injury and deep cuts to fingers, even when the fish is ou...

First aid & details
Bluntnose Sixgill Shark ⚠️ Danger
Bluntnose Sixgill Shark
Hexanchus griseus

There are reports that the meat of this shark can have laxative properties or cause mild poisoning if it is not prepared correctly. While th...

First aid & details
Conger ⚠️ Danger
Conger
Conger conger

The blood of the European Conger contains a powerful protein toxin known as ichthyohemotoxin, which is poisonous to humans and mammals if co...

First aid & details
Dragonet ⚠️ Danger
Dragonet
Callionymus lyra / Callionymus maculatus

The Dragonet has a very hard, sharp spine on the side of its head, located on the gill cover. Although it is not venomous like the weever fi...

First aid & details
Eagle Ray ⚠️ Danger
Eagle Ray
Myliobatis aquila

The Common Eagle Ray possesses one or more venomous spines at the base of its tail, which it uses exclusively for defence if it feels threat...

First aid & details
Eel ⚠️ Danger
Eel
Anguilla anguilla

The blood of the European Eel contains a powerful protein toxin which is poisonous to humans and mammals. Contact of raw blood with the eyes...

First aid & details
Electric Ray ⚠️ Danger
Electric Ray
Torpedo marmorata / Torpedo torpedo

The Electric Ray is a dangerous fish that requires attention even out of the water. It possesses special organs that produce powerful electr...

First aid & details
Greater Weever ⚠️ Danger
Greater Weever
Trachinus draco

The Greater Weever is considered one of the most dangerous fish in the Mediterranean due to its venomous spines. It possesses potent venom l...

First aid & details
Hake ⚠️ Danger
Hake
Merluccius merluccius

In certain markets, the name hake is used for two completely different fish. The European Hake described here is always sold fresh and posse...

First aid & details
Longspine Snipefish ⚠️ Danger
Longspine Snipefish
Macroramphosus scolopax

The Longspine Snipefish carries an exceptionally large, hard, and serrated spine on its second dorsal fin. Although many people mistakenly b...

First aid & details
Oilfish ⚠️ Danger
Oilfish
Ruvettus pretiosus

Consumption of the Oilfish can cause severe gastrointestinal distress because the meat contains high concentrations of wax esters known as g...

First aid & details
Rabbitfish ⚠️ Danger
Rabbitfish
Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus

The Rabbitfish possesses venomous spines located in its dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins. While a sting is not lethal to humans, it causes imme...

First aid & details
Redcoat Squirrelfish ⚠️ Danger
Redcoat Squirrelfish
Sargocentron rubrum

The Redcoat has a very strong, venomous spine on its cheek, specifically at the edge of the operculum (gill cover). A sting from this spine...

First aid & details
Salema Porgy ⚠️ Danger
Salema Porgy
Sarpa salpa

The consumption of the Salema Porgy and especially its head can, in rare cases, cause a form of poisoning called ichthyoallyeinotoxism. This...

First aid & details
Scorpionfish ⚠️ Danger
Scorpionfish
Scorpaena scrofa / Scorpaena porcus

The Scorpionfish is equipped with powerful venom. The hard spines of the dorsal fin and the anal fin, along with the spines on the gill cove...

First aid & details
Silver cheeked Toadfish ⚠️ Danger
Silver cheeked Toadfish
Lagocephalus sceleratus

The toadfish contains the potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, which is fatal to humans and lacks an antidote. This toxin is not destroyed by coo...

First aid & details
Spiny Dogfish ⚠️ Danger
Spiny Dogfish
Squalus acanthias / Squalus blainvillei

The Spiny Dogfish has two large, hard, and very sharp spines, one located in front of each dorsal fin. These spines are often associated wit...

First aid & details
Stingray ⚠️ Danger
Stingray
Dasyatis pastinaca / Bathytoshia centroura

The Stingray is considered the most dangerous marine animal for swimmers and bathers in the Mediterranean. At the base of its tail, it posse...

First aid & details
Tope Shark ⚠️ Danger
Tope Shark
Galeorhinus galeus

There is significant confusion in the marketplace regarding the name of this fish. The true Tope Shark described here features a pointed sno...

First aid & details